Mathematics Language A resume COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Mathematics Language A resume COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Even Albert Einstein said: “Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics. I can assure you mine are still greater.” Our perceptions of our skills tend to skew left, and when we think about our math ability, we reflect on our confidence, and not our actual skills. The SIPA Admissions office understands that applicants will have varied quantitative backgrounds and skills. We have designed an application that best allows you to demonstrate your quantitative competencies through the quantitative/language resume. Here, you can highlight experiences that have strengthened your math, economics, and statistics skills. The core curriculum at SIPA requires the completion of rigorous quantitative courses and we want to make sure applicants provide as much information as possible about their quantitative aptitude, experience, and capabilities. This can include coursework in mathematics, statistics, economics, engineering, natural or computer science, etc. as well as the use of quantitative methods in a professional environment (paid, volunteer, or intern work is acceptable). Perhaps you have worked as an accountant, bookkeeper, or balanced budgets in your professional experiences. Perhaps you served as treasurer of a student organization or used quantitative skills in a volunteer opportunity. These are experiences that you can include in the additional resume. Is there an ideal quantitative background SIPA is looking for in an applicant? Recently, we’ve received many questions about what makes an ideal quantitative background for a hopeful candidate.  While SIPA does not have a rigid answer, the Admissions Committee looks for evidence of a candidates ability to undertake quantitative coursework at the graduate level. Most successful applicants have completed at least two courses in economics (macro and microeconomics). Applicants lacking a quantitative background are encouraged to consider enrolling in mathematics courses above all else. While the Admissions Committee does not require that each applicant have experience in all three areas (economics, statistics, and mathematics) to be admitted, extensive coursework in these areas definitely strengthens ones chances of gaining favorable admission consideration. For more on quantitative questions, check out our Frequently Asked Questions pages.

Essay on Effects of Hip-Hop Culture on the Youth - 1773 Words

Hip hop culture is known for its negative reputation. It is often thought as an entrance way into gangs, illegal drug activity, and malicious behavior. In today’s culture it is important to lead kids toward a positive direction in life but the hip hop culture of today is not steering youth in that direction. This is because hip-hop has moved away from what it was supposed to be used for. This genre of music was supposed to be used to for personal expression and growth not to create negative images for the youth and encourage them to change their behaviors and beliefs. Hip hop was supposed to give hope to the youth. Give them a reason to pursue their dreams and give them a positive outlook on life. Are there artists who keep it â€Å"old†¦show more content†¦Yet, some of the images that are shown in the media are the reason why hip hop culture is viewed as an infectious genre of music that will put kids in jail. This culture has come a long way from what it used to b e. It has reached from one end of the globe to the other. It has spanned across all ages, all races, and all ethnicities. For many years, the youth have been known for singing along to their favorite song and taking that song as whole and using it as their motto for life. It may seem that sometimes these kids do not know what is being said in the music but this shows that they do know what the lyrics are saying. According to Franklin B. Krohn and Frances L. Suazo in their article â€Å"Contemporary Urban Music: Controversial Messages in Hip-Hop and Rap Lyrics,† many teenagers and minority groups view rappers as their spokesmen because of their ability to speak in street language and bluntly express their frustration (Krohn, 1995). Unfortunately, hip hop lyrics usually tend to talk about drugs, sex and violence leading kids to think that everything they hear is okay and that is how they have to live their life. Yet, there are artists out there who take their lyricist skills to give positive lyrics and messages in their music, but these songs are not often played in the mainstream. This kind of hip hop is also known as â€Å"conscious hip hop.† As Murray Forman informs in â€Å"Conscious Hip-Hop, Change, and the Obama Era,† conscious hip hopShow MoreRelatedYouth And The Hip Hop Youth Culture1695 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian Youth Culture Introduction Youth has various definitions. It can be considered as a state of mind, a life stage, or a stage of development. Youth can also be considered as a creation of marketing and a demographic category. Youth cultures as well as subcultures based on the theory or theories applied refer to cultures that in most part comprise of young people as the members. Youth cultures are determined by ways of living and they revolve around peer groups that stress a definitiveRead MoreWhat is Hip Hop?1057 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversy regarding the derogative nature of Hip-hop, One cannot downplay the cultural influences that hip-hop has impressed on the world. Merriam-Webster defines hip-hop as the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap (citation). Although the conventional definition of hip-hop is generally correct, it does not adequately portray the gravity of the movement. Coined by the urban youth, Hip-hop has forced its way to the pinnacle of mainstream America. Hip-hop’s massive influence on the EnglishRead MoreHip Hop : An Evolving Youth Culture1461 Words   |  6 PagesHip-hop is influential on a family s relationship, the life, and education of the new generation. When talking about the culture of Hip-hop one should know about lifestyle influence and literary development. â€Å"Hip Hop is Now: An Evolving Youth Culture†, is about how hip-hop has been an influence on society, primarily the youth. Also, how the younger generation treats life differently compared to the older generation. The article is written by Carl Taylor and Virgil Taylor. â€Å"Promoting Academic LiteracyRead MoreThe Effects Of Hip Hop Music On Adolescents862 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Hip-Hop Music on Adolescents Music is a significant part of the lives of most people all over the world. In the United States, people listen to more than 25 hours each week [1]. Hip-hop makes up a large percentage of adolescent music genre preference. It goes without saying that this overwhelming presence of music in the lives of so many people will have a psychological effect on American culture and our way of life. But how exactly is Hip Hop affecting us psychologically and culturallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Music On The Youth Culture1316 Words   |  6 Pagesthe effect of violent music, both positive and negative towards African American men, women, and children. The articles also provides information that will support the reason how Hip-hop has such an impact on the youth culture, how Hip-hop is valued, and how the music and its lyrics are interpreted. Changing Images of Violence Rap music lyrics: 1979-1997 Hip- hop has both a negative and positive impact on African American lives. Over the past three decades, Hip-hop hasRead More Hip-Hop as a Cultural Movement Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Hip-Hop is a cultural movement that emerged from the dilapidated South Bronx, New York in the early 1970’s. The area’s mostly African American and Puerto Rican residents originated this uniquely American musical genre and culture that over the past four decades has developed into a global sensation impacting the formation of youth culture around the world. The South Bronx was a whirlpool of political, social, and economic upheaval in the years leading up to the inception of Hip-Hop. The early partRead MoreRap Music And Hip Hop Culture1097 Words   |  5 Pageshas been around for many decades. Rap/hip hop is a  music genre that consists of a stylized  rhythmic music that usually accompanies rapping. Since rap music’s explosion, it took the industry and became theà ‚  important part of hip hop culture. It has advanced over time as a part of hip hop culture, which originated from urban youth in New York as a cultural movement. Its original listeners were primarily African America and it has spread around the world and hip hop has come to be a part for rap music  toRead MoreDon t Understand Hip Hop Music s Appeal And Why Youth901 Words   |  4 Pagesdon’t understand hip hop music’s appeal and why youth listen to it (Taylor and Taylor 210). That claim, however, doesn’t have any substantial, credible, information to back it up. In fact, in a radio broadcast by Talk of the Nation, â€Å"A Look at Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes†, they discuss that one man as an adult listened to hip hop music as well, stating it was part of the urban culture and he loved listening to it, until he started learning about the effects it had on youth (â€Å"Look†, par. 4).Read More90s Hip Hop and Rap1320 Words   |  6 PagesRap and hip-hop first started to come together in the 1970 s, but didn t really materialize and become popular until the 1990 s. With a huge surge in popularity and growth in the 1990 s, it seemed that rap and hip-hop had started a cultural phenomenon that still has noticeable effects easily seen today in music and also in pop culture. A cultural phenomenon is an idea, trend, or movement that shapes and defines that time period. During the 1990 s, rap and hip-hop spread like wild fire acrossRead MoreRap Music : Influence On Violent Behavior1379 Words   |  6 PagesMUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Kaland Farrow Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University  RAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Rap music is derived from Hip Hop culture which is deeply rooted in the African American community. The word, rap, has a Middle English origin. Originally, rap means to beat or strike. Beginning in the 1960s, African Americans gave the word another definition. In the black community,

Rainbow Fire Halloween Jack-o-Lantern

Create a spectacular multicolored fire pumpkin for Halloween! This rainbow fire jack-o-lantern is easy to make.   Rainbow Fire Pumpkin Materials You only need a few basic materials for this project. The hand sanitizer contains alcohol, which is flammable, but self-extinguishes due to the water in the product. The boric acid or borax provides additional color to the flames. Carved Halloween jack-o-lantern (use a real pumpkin - plastic will melt!)Hand sanitizerBoric acid or borax What You Do Smear hand sanitizer all over the outside and inside of the jack-o-lantern.Dust the pumpkin with boric acid or borax. You dont need very much to achieve a nice colored effect. Just a light sprinkling will suffice,Ignite the jack-o-lantern.The flame goes out on its own fairly quickly as the alcohol in the hand sanitizer gets used up, leaving you with water. How It Works Boric acid or borax (either works) emit a green light when heated in a flame. The jack-o-lantern gives off a multicolored fire because you have the natural blue of the alcohol flame from the hand sanitizer, the green from the boric acid, orange light coming through the carved pumpkin, plus other colors from where the pumpkin juice mixes with the flame. The pumpkin flesh contains sodium, which imparts a yellow color to the fire. Tips and Safety You dont have to use boric acid or borax. Try other flame colorants for a different color blend.This is a fire project, so adult supervision is required.Be sure to perform this project on a fire-safe surface.You can extinguish the flame at any time by blowing it out.

The Petersons Home ICT Devices Free Essays

The Petersons have a limited amount of equipment in their homes and all the items are unsuitable for the family. Here is a conclusion as to why the devices are unsuitable, and how the situation could be improved. The family is equipt with a Pentium II computer with a 32mb of ram, a 2Gb hard drive and a 2mb graphics card. We will write a custom essay sample on The Petersons Home ICT Devices or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is very unsuitable for this busy family as the computer would be extremely slow and has very little space to install new programs and save the documents the family would need. This is a very old type of computer, and would not be able to run some of the latest software. A faster, and more update computer, such as a Pentium 4 Processor would be much more appropriate for this family. With the computer is a 14-inch monitor capable of 640 x 480 screen resolutions, which is also inappropriate for the likes of this family. A 14-inch screen is very small and most of the more dated computer monitors are less able to adjust. With a low and small screen could cause health problems for the family, such as neck and back pains. The low screen resolutions would be a problem when trying to run newer software, which needs a higher resolution. A more suitable choice would be a larger, and higher resolution screen, and possibly flat screen too. The computer has a black and white dot matrix printer, which is very unsuitable for members of the family who wish to print documents in colour. Dot matrix printers produce a low quality print too, the document may seem unclear and patchy compared to a laser colour printer, which would be more advisable for the families needs. The computer only has a 28k modem that is not capable of sending faxes. The most obvious disadvantage to this is that the family cannot send faxes form the home office. However, with a 28k modem, the computer would also have ridiculously slow Internet connection. Most computers on sale at the moment have a modem included in the package, however they can be bought. The standard modem is 56k, which would provide fast access to the Internet. Windows 95, and Office 95 are both very dated versions and desperately need to be updated. The setup would be slow and unable to cope with large quantities of data and the users would be restricted on what software they could use. Office 95 would have a very limited amount of programs available, and would not satisfy all the day-to-day needs of a family. Most new computers come with Windows XP, which would mean a fast setup and more programs available for the family to use. The family only have floppy disks as a backup for the computer, which is an unwise choice. If the computer fails, and the disks cannot be located or the disk does not work, it is sure that the data will be lost. However, a larger problem would be fitting large files onto a floppy disk, which has on a 1.4k capacity, which would not be enough for the likes of graphics files, or picture files that are very large. Also, if there is a large amount of data to be stored, one would have to use many disks to store all the information, this may make the data hard to locate. A more ideal solution would be to store the information on re-writable disks, which store a large amount of data. However, this would also mean the family would need to invest in a CD-ROM drive, which now comes free in addition with all computers sold. With no gaming equipment the family would be unable to play games to their full satisfaction, or in some cases, the game may not run at all. This would mean that the computer could not be used as a gaming machine. There is a lot of gaming equipment available at the moment, but the most popular is a Joystick, which is useful for the majority of games. Many games and programs that are on the market have sound features for added effect. Of course with no speakers attached to the computer, no sound can be heard. This is a problem for interactive programs, where instructions are given verbally. Also, watching DVD’s, or listening to music form CD’s or MP3’s is impossible. With no speakers, you also cannot use recording equipment such as microphones, as there will be no feedback. All modern computers now come with a speaker sound system, sometimes including sub-woofer, but they can also be sold separately. The family have access to a standard TV with no digital capacity and an analogue satellite receiver. This means that the family can only pick up some satellite and analogue stations that are broadcasted. The digital channels would not be available on the television or via the satellite, as they have no digital capacity. The family could invest in a digital decoder or a new television with digital capacity. If the family bought a digital decoder, then they would not be able to interact with some of the features available on the channels, however with a new television, or a digital channel receiver, the family would be able to interact. There is an old hifi which has no CD player, or mini disc player, which is not suitable for this family. Most music on sale at the moment is sold on CD; therefore it may be hard to get hold of music on cassette or record. Cassettes and records produce a low quality of sound, and are not as reliable as a CD. More and more records are now becoming available on mini discs, which are compact, and can store a lot of music, and record music easily, also providing quality sound. All good stereo systems come complete with a CD player, and some with minidisk players, along with tape players and radios. How to cite The Petersons Home ICT Devices, Papers

Origins Approaches Early Childhood Practice -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Origins Approaches Early Childhood Practice? Answer: Introducation Teaching requires a lot of dedication as it is influenced by the personal experiences of the individual involved. The childhood practices and cultures of a person greatly influences their way of teaching and influencing the development of their students. Childhood learning and development requires guidance from the teachers to give the child a platform to grow and learn. Creativity is an important part of learning which can be developed by getting inspirations from personal experiences and the environment around the children. Reflect personal values to teaching practice Children have different abilities of learning languages and other aspects of early cognitive skills depending on their ages, social exposure and support from their parents and teachers. My childhood experience was quite tough when it came to the learning of languages as compared to that of my age mates. The main reason as to why I was slow on developing my cognitive skills is because I had some health complications as a child and I could therefore not interact well with other children on the playground and other outdoor activities. The first year of school was therefore difficult as my classmates already understood languages while I was still lagging behind. However as I began interacting with people, frequent use of learning materials like story books and paying attention to the teachers, I then began to develop my skills(Podmore, 2006). Today as a teacher, I can use my story and childhood experiences to ensure that I give excellent services to my children in school. I usually deal with each student independently as I understand that they all have different abilities in developing their learning and language skills. Thanks to my early values and experiences, I can help other children develop their cognitive skills and manage to succeed in their studies just like I did. A teachers main function is to attain balance in a classroom and I always find it easy to do that since I look at the strengths and weaknesses of each student and help them get out of their shell and excel(Claiborne, 2015). I find my teaching practice closely related to my early experiences with teacher and I can admit that those are my main inspirations to the teacher I am today. Culture and identity influence to practice While growing up, there are some activities that I considered to be part of my culture as a child and they up to date affect my personality as a teacher. When I was in elementary school, my teachers were very strict in the aspects of classroom behavior and outdoor activities. My teacher used to punish us when we misbehaved in class or went outside to play without permission(Vandell, 2010). I grew up knowing that a teacher should be respected and even to some extent feared because failure to which there were consequences that one would face. I was usually very observant of the instructions that teachers gave in class to ensure that I followed all the rules and avoided punishments. Somehow from all these believes and identities that I posses from my childhood still follow me through my career practice. I always want my class to be organized and well behaved just as I saw back in the day. I believe that a teacher should take control of his or her class and I therefore enforce rules that each students should follow regardless of their age or social status. The first step to learning is organization and adherence to instructions(Nuttall, 2003). Although I am usually easy on the laws, I make sure that every student knows their purpose in class and respect those in authority. Curriculum approaches (include Te Wh?riki) The curriculum for children differs from the other subject schedules and it is called Te Whariki. This kind of program has been endorsed by the ministry of education in Newzealand to help children grow better. As a teacher, I use the Te Whaniki to connect a childs learning procedure with what they experience at home and in the community. Some experiences especially at family level might have a great influence in the learning process of a child(Te One, 2003). I therefore learn more about the background of my children and treat them in accordance to their experiences. I had a perfect relationship with my family members and that positively influenced my ability to learn faster. The same experience is also helping me support the children in class despite of their relationships with the community. Theoretical perspectives As a teacher I have to apply the different perspectives of learning to ensure that all the aspects of a child are all taken into consideration. Cognitivism is a main aspect in learning as it involves the building of the mind and knowledge acquisition skills. A child starts to shoe behavioral changes in the way they conduct their usual activities and a teacher should therefore do a follow up to ensure that the students are changing towards the positive direction. Constructivism theory looks at learning in such a perspective that an individual should take their cultural experiences as stepping stones to development(Korthagen, 2004). I find it easier to reflect back to my life and make certain hard decisions in my profession as a teacher. I can now be able to involve my students in the development process by encouraging them to be proud of their experiences as they teach important lessons. Pedagogies that support your practice As a teacher, an individual should be able to apply different methods if teaching to make their practice better. I personally believe in disparities when it comes to the abilities of learning for different people. I therefore use differentiation and experimental approaches of teaching to promote learning and understanding. I try as much as possible to ensure that the different children in a class get specialized attention so that it can be easy to identify their strengths and use them to promote learning(Jeffrey, 2006). Experiments make learning entertaining and involving for both the students and teachers and hence promote comprehension. Experiences and resources you will offer young children I find it easier as a teacher to use my experiences or those of others and resources like books and videos to teach as it reduces the effort of teaching and also enhance comprehending on the part of the child. Children understand and remember better if they are taught using real life experiences. Leaning is a continuous process that should continue making progress on a day to day basis. The resources provided to children include books with exiting stories which attracts their attention and hence making them read more which in the long run develops their language learning. Continuous reading makes the children become more conversant with a particular language. The Creative world is of importance when an individual is growing up as it promotes their physical abilities to face the later part of their lives with confidence. Since I was not medically allowed to engage in most outdoor activities like running around and getting my hands dirty, I found myself more interested in imaginative activities like the arts. It was a good exposure for my personality because some of those activities place a great role in my life today(Borko, 2004). I was good at dressing up the playing dolls and I would find myself designing some dresses for them to look better than they were bought. I also grew interest in the performing arts whereby I would copy the singers on TV, dress like them and hold spoon as a microphone against a mirror. I was also good at coordinating my friends into conducting our activities and that gave me the team leading spirit. Thanks to all that, my teaching experience is much more natural as there are skills I acquired from an early age. I am able to help students make their art crafts as I have the passion to see something creative and different(McArdle, 2012). I also have built in confidence to stand in front of students and teach them on how to develop their learning abilities. Finally my organizational skills are helpful in such a way that I can ensure for harmony in the class which ensures for effective learning. How children make meaning of their world through visual and performing arts (consider the background and culture of children). The world is full of new things each day which are covered in the context of performing and visual arts. Children involve themselves in imagination activities which change their view about the environment around them as they begin seeing their imaginations around them(In Clark, 2013). If for example kids are involved in drawing and watercolor painting, they can now see the beauty of colors around them and appreciate nature more than ever before. The backgrounds of children determine the things that they are likely to create as part of their creative projects whether in school or at home(Wright, 2015). Those from violent homes might be seen drawing scary or ugly images unlike those who have good experiences as they might draw big smiles or a happy. It is therefore up to the teacher to help the children use creative arts to express their feelings instead of letting issues affecting them to have a negative impact. Maori perspectives The environment is a great inspiration when it comes to gathering of ideas for creativity development. Following the Maori perspectives, the school environment should be a step that helps students develop their ideas for their creative and performance arts(Wright S. S., 2007). It is the greatest thing that a teacher can do by encouraging students to get inspiration from the environment around them. I always take my children outside and ask them to look around then think of something that that inspires them to be creative. I tell them that everything even the most usual activities around the school environment can create an idea of the arts. Pacific Nations perspectives The theory emphasizes on the development of social and emotional status of students during learning. Each students emotional and social backgrounds affects their ability to learn and be creative at the same time. I therefore give my input as a teacher to encourage the children to accept their backgrounds and use them for the benefit of learning(Blaiklock, 2010). The extra experience whether good or bad give a child a platform to rise up and work even harder to overcome their past. I encourage children to use all their life experiences as inspirations to their visual and performance arts as it gives a personalized view of their work. Theoretical perspectives A creative mind should be natured to always grow towards the positive direction and the best way to help children develop their creativity is by differentiation. Every child is different in their way of thinking and exploring activities. It is therefore important as a teacher to watch them closely and encourage each one of them to be creative in their own way(Littlefield-Cook, 2005). I usually meet so many crazy ideas in the art classes and try my best to understand the intention of the child from a different perspective then encourage them to keep on exploring that subject. Experiences and resources you will offer young children Learning of visual and performing arts requires some inspirations and specific resources to help children express their thoughts in a more creative and physical method. It is important to consider that the subjects of creative arts are around us in every day to day activity we conduct(Davies, 2013). As a teacher, I ensure that children can relate their personal activities and experiences in their creative ideas. It is good to encourage kids to draw their ideas from the close world other than a world that does not exist. I also organize so as to help children create more arts by providing them with the required materials like pencil, paper, mirrors, colors and many others. The teachers role (including pedagogies and teaching strategies) in supporting childrens creativity Creativity is an important tool in learning and should always be encouraged in all situations to ensure that they learn to take different approaches to life. It is the teachers role to ensure that children discover their creative world and use it to the benefit of their learning. The best thing a for a teacher is to create an emotional connection in class as it gives the students a chance to think deeper. I therefore try to give the children topics like domestic violence or love as they already experience these feeling and are more likely to think more and be creative. I also create a conducive, safe classroom whereby students can take risks with their creativity and explore different mentalities. In conclusion, learning is a continuous process but the start is the most important as it ensures that the future can also be bright. It is therefore important to ensure that individuals are passionate and experienced enough to become teachers as they play a great role in childhood development and learning of their students(Hattie, 2003). References Blaiklock, K. (2010). e Wh?riki, the New Zealand early childhood curriculum: Is it effective?. . International Journal of Early Years Education, , 18(3), 201-212. Borko, H. (2004). Professional development and teacher learning: Mapping the terrain. . Educational researcher, , 33(8), 3-15. Claiborne, L. B. (2015). Shaking up human development: A reflection from Aotearoa New Zealand on Ericas Burmans contribution. . Feminism Psychology, , 25(3), 381-387. Davies, D. J.-S. (2013). Creative learning environments in educationA systematic literature review. . Thinking Skills and Creativity , 8, 80-91. Hattie, J. (2003). Teachers Make a Difference, What is the research evidence?. In Clark, B. I. (2013). Arts in early childhood education: Kia tipu te wairua toi : fostering the creative spirit. Jeffrey, B. (2006). Creative teaching and learning: towards a common discourse and practice. Cambridge Journal of Education , 36(3), 399-414. Korthagen, F. A. (2004). In search of the essence of a good teacher: Towards a more holistic approach in teacher education. . Teaching and teacher education, , 20(1), 77-97. Littlefield-Cook, J. C. (2005). Child development: Principles and perspectives . (Vol. 55, pp. 23-38). McArdle, F. (2012). The visual arts: Ways of seeing. Children, meaning-making and the art , 30-56. Nuttall, J. G. (2003). Weaving Te Wh?riki: Aotearoa New Zealand's early childhood curriculum document in theory and practice. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research. Podmore, V. N. (2006). Observation: Origins and approaches to early childhood research and practice. . Wellington: N.Z: NZCER Press. Te One, S. (2003). The context for Te Whariki. Weaving Te Whariki: Aotearoa New Zealand's early childhood curriculum document in themes and practice. 17-49. Vandell, D. L. (2010). Do effects of early child care extend to age 15 years? Results from the NICHD study of early child care and youth development. . Child development , 81(3), 737-756. Wright, S. (2015). Children, meaning-making and the arts. . Pearson Higher Education AU. Wright, S. S. (2007). Young childrens meaning-making through drawing and telling: Analogies to filmic textual features

Impact of Computerization on Business Performance in Nigeria Challenges and Prospect Essay Example

Impact of Computerization on Business Performance in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospect Essay Computer continues to play an ever-increasing role both in our everyday lives and in organisation of all types. Within these organisations the impact of computerisation results in tremendous change and presents management in many situations with one of the most difficult of all contemporary challenges. Over the last decade, the rise in the importance of information and knowledge for business activity has become phenomenal (Marji and Philip, 2005). Information is now critical for the management and growth of business value. Knowledge about competitors and customers is essential to understand the future direction of business development. Few individuals were able to envision the ultimate growth and impact of the computer industry and computer usage in Organisation. The growth of computer usage in many types of organisation has created tremendous change in methods and procedures, in information collection and dissemination techniques, in management control processes, and in decision-making activities. As with any type of organisational change, it was to be expected that there would be some resistance by employees against the seemly endless encroachment of the computer into almost all areas of activities. But unlike the earlier major epic change ears of mechanizations and automation, computerization affected primarily the administrative tasks itself. Never before has the process of management been so influenced by changes in the functional areas of planning, organising, staffing and controlling. The background and training of many managerial personnel was for the most part inadequate for the task of understanding and meeting the needs of the highly technological computer world. Consequently, most organisations developed a specialized group of computer professionals who were responsible for the design and development of computerized systems. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Computerization on Business Performance in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospect specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Computerization on Business Performance in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospect specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Computerization on Business Performance in Nigeria: Challenges and Prospect specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The only problem was that many of these computer professional lacked experience and understanding of the various business and managerial activities. The result was that in many organisations there developed a significant gap in communication between management and the computer/data processing departments. Managers lacking a clear understanding of the potential and capabilities of the computer were unable to direct the proper design and development of the newer information system. In many cases, the computer/data processing department filled this void by developing data processing system which were not â€Å"user-oriented. The presence and significance of this communication gap has been somewhat alleviated during the past decade. The aim of this research is to gain insight into the broad impact resulting from the use of computers in contemporary organisations. This study will examine these impacts in the light of their effect on managers and their work and on the techniques and processes that are used in decision making. In addition this research will take a look at the capabilities and limitation of computer as they are used in the design and development of modern information system.

CPR

CPR The building of the Canadian Pacific Railway, an immense expensive and challenging project, demonstrates the uniqueness of the Canadian way of life. The railroad played an essential role in connecting such a vast land as Canada. It brought together various cultures, connected the dispersed population, and protected Canada's unique political system.The CPR was a great contributor to Canada's multiculturalism. With the construction of the CPR, Canada did not have enough workers to complete the job; therefore, people from other countries came to help. Many Americans looking for work came to Canada to work on the CPR, as well as many people from the European countries. At one point during the construction of the CPR, two-thirds of the 9000 workers were Chinese. Although religious intolerance, racial discrimination and political indifferences persecuted immigrants working for the CPR, they persevered and established strong ethnic communities that are still found in the major cities touche d by the CPR.An old CP Rail car outside the Brockville, Ontario...Economically the Canadian Pacific Railway is the backbone to Canada. One of the conditions of British Columbia's entry into confederation in 1871 was that a railway had to be built to connect the East Coast of Canada to the West Coast. To do this, a 5000-kilometer line was built through some of Canada's harshest terrain. After many difficulties, a political scandal, and lots of work, the CPR was completed. On November 7, 1885, five years ahead of schedule, the last spike was driven in at Craigellachie, British Columbia and the confederation of Canada was consolidated. The CPR was ready to begin its transcontinental transportation service. As the only passenger service to many isolated communities, and the producer of Canada's many railway towns, the CPR not only linked Canada's provinces but also its diverse ways of life. Fishing villages, mining cities, and farmlands, the CPR...